Browsing by Author "Othieno, E"

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Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review
(Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 2023) Yahaya, J. J; Morgan, E. D; Abraham, Z. S; Othieno, E
Introduction and importance: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, non-neoplastic cystic lesions composed of multiple blood-filled cavities, which are separated by connective tissue septa and they constitute ~6 and 1.5% of all cases of the skull and jaws lesions, respectively. Case presentation: Herein, the case of an 80-year-old male with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ABC involving the body of the left mandible was presented. The patient underwent partial mandiblectomy after confirmation of the diagnosis using orthopantomography, a computed tomography scan, and a tissue biopsy. The patient was free from pain after 1-year of follow-up, and the control orthopantomography showed no evidence of recurrence. This was followed by reconstruction of the healed part of the bone with titanium plates and a piece of bone from the lateral two-thirds of the left femur and thereafter he was cosmetically well. Clinical discussion: Patients with ABCs present with expansile and radiolucent bone lesions, which may be associated with displacement and loss of teeth due to alveolar bone erosion. Complete excision of the lesions is mandatory for the prevention of recurrence and increased morbidity. Conclusion: ABCs that involve the jaws are extremely rare and are more likely to pose a diagnostic challenge as they are more likely to be confused clinically with other expansile radiolucent bone lesions such as ameloblastoma, osteoblastoma, and giant cell tumor among many others. Also, those with extensive bone matrix formation may sometimes be confused histologically with other bone forming tumors including osteosarcoma. Recurrence is common but it can be avoided or minimized by complete resection of the lesion.
Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis as an incidental finding: A case report
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2023-02-16) Morgan, E. D; Kahiye, M; Kule, I; Yahaya, J. J; Othieno, E
We present the case of a 23-year-old female with multiple diffuse and nodular masses of different sizes involving predominantly the posterior wall of the uterus, omentum, and peritoneum which were histopathologically confirmed to be dis seminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Meticulous investigation and accurate di agnosis are of utmost importance for the establishment of the correct diagnosis. Additionally, proper management of the patient while considering choice of the patients including close follow-up of the patients is mandatory for the reason of ensuring early detection of recurrence.
Duodenal Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a 56-year old male: A case report
(International Journal of Surgery Open, 2023) Yahaya, J. J; Morgan, E. D; Othieno, E
Introduction and importance: The infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis (S stercoralis) is usually an asymptomatic condition particularly in immunocompetent individuals and the condition may remain unnoticed even for decades, however, strongyloidiasis is more severe in patients who are immunocompromised. Case presentation: The patient is a 56-year old male who presented with nine months history of episodes of abdominal pain, nausea loss of appetite, and chronic diarrhea. His diarrhea had mucus and trace blood. His oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) revealed erythematous, hypertrophied, and ulcerating lining mucosa of the duodenum. The specimen sampled showed sections of the duodenum with numerous Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, some inside the crypts with associated active duodenitis. Clinical discussion: Despite the asymptomatic nature of Strongyloides stercoralis infectious condition especially for immunocompetent patients, the infection may sometimes result into serious complications including exudative enteropathy and paralytic ileus. The clinical outcome of patients with strongyloidiasis is usually better despite severe infection may develop and it is associated with slightly increased morbidity and even mortality. Conclusion: Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in individuals residing in tropical or subtropical countries who present with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain should always be considered so as to avoid delay of diagnosis. This may help in preventing unnecessary complication such as severe anaemia, intestinal perforation or even death.
Frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood group systems among blood donors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
(BMC Open, 2023-02-02) Vuhahula, E. A; Yahaya, J; Morgan, E. D; Othieno, E; Mollel, E; Mremi, A
Objectives ABO and Rh blood group systems are the major factors affecting the blood transfusion safety. The frequency and distribution of these blood group systems vary worldwide. We aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood group systems among first-time blood donors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Design Cross-sectional descriptive population-based study. Setting Data on ABO and Rh blood group systems were obtained and analysed from the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center among first-time blood donors. Participants There were 65 535 first-time blood donors aged 15–55 years who donated at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center from January 2017 to December 2019. Outcome measures The percentage of ABO and Rh blood group systems among different categories of blood donors was calculated. Results Retrospective data from Blood Establishment Computer System of 65 535 first-time blood donors were analysed in the present study. The mean age of the blood donors was 30.6±11.2 years (range: 15–55 years). The vast majority of the blood donors 84.2% (n=55 210) were men. Also, the majority 69.6% (n=45 595) were aged ≥35 years. Blood group O was the most common blood group which was found in over half 52.4% (n=34 333) of the blood donors and majority 95.3% (n=62 461) of the donors were Rh positive. Moreover, the majority 78.3% (n=51 336) were voluntary donors and the remaining 21.7% (n=14 199) were replacement donors. Conclusion Majority of the donors had blood group O and also the vast majority of the donors were Rh positive. Considering the large size of our study population, this has provided a more comprehensive information regarding the frequency and patterns of ABO and Rh blood group systems in Tanzania. The observed association of blood group A with one of the regions from which donors were coming from, is intriguing and further studies may confirm possible related genetic evolution.
Frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood group systems among blood donors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a retrospective cross-sectional study
(BMJ open, 2023) Vuhahula, E. A; Yahaya, J; Morgan, E. D; Othieno, E; Mollel, E; Mremi, A.
Objectives: ABO and Rh blood group systems are the major factors affecting the blood transfusion safety. The frequency and distribution of these blood group systems vary worldwide. We aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood group systems among first-time blood donors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive population-based study. Setting: Data on ABO and Rh blood group systems were obtained and analysed from the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center among first-time blood donors. Participants: There were 65 535 first-time blood donors aged 15–55 years who donated at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center from January 2017 to December 2019. Outcome measures: The percentage of ABO and Rh blood group systems among different categories of blood donors was calculated. Results: Retrospective data from Blood Establishment Computer System of 65 535 first-time blood donors were analysed in the present study. The mean age of the blood donors was 30.6±11.2 years (range: 15–55 years). The vast majority of the blood donors 84.2% (n=55 210) were men. Also, the majority 69.6% (n=45 595) were aged ≥35 years. Blood group O was the most common blood group which was found in over half 52.4% (n=34 333) of the blood donors and majority 95.3% (n=62 461) of the donors were Rh positive. Moreover, the majority 78.3% (n=51 336) were voluntary donors and the remaining 21.7% (n=14 199) were replacement donors. Conclusion: Majority of the donors had blood group O and also the vast majority of the donors were Rh positive. Considering the large size of our study population, this has provided a more comprehensive information regarding the frequency and patterns of ABO and Rh blood group systems in Tanzania. The observed association of blood group A with one of the regions from which donors were coming from, is intriguing and further studies may confirm possible related genetic evolution.
Immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein in nephroblastoma: a predictor of unfavorable prognosis
(Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 2023) Morgan, E. D; Yahaya, J. J; Ngaiza, A. I; Othieno, E; Livex, O. A
Objective Immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein is so closely related to status of mutation of P53 gene which is tightly linked with pathogenesis of nephroblastoma or Wilms tumor. This study aims to determine the immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein and its predictors in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients with nephroblastoma. Materials and methods A series of 83 histologically diagnosed cases of nephroblastoma from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks archived at the Department of Pathology, Makerere University, in Kampala, Uganda, were analyzed. Monoclonal anti-p53 antibody (DO-7, DAKO) was used to assess the expression of P53 protein expression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of P53 protein immunohistochemical expression, and statistical significance was considered when p-value was less than 0.05. Results: Most (42.2%, n = 35) of the cases were in advanced tumor stages (III–V), and almost one-quarter (21.7%, n = 18) of the cases were in high-risk group. The immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein was (8.4%, n = 7), and there were more (83.3%, n = 5) positive anaplastic cases for P53 protein compared with (2.6%, n = 2) of P53 expression for non-anaplastic cases. High risk (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI = 7.91–12.55, p = 0.037) and anaplasia (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 13.85–4.46, p = 0.001) were potential predictors of immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein. Conclusion: Most of patients with nephroblastoma in resources-limited settings are diagnosed with advanced clinical stages. Association of P53 protein with anaplasia found in this study indicates the possibility of having novel target therapy for treatment of patients with anaplastic form of nephroblastoma with a focus of identifying molecules that lead to its suppression in such subpopulations of patients with nephroblastoma.
Invasive ductal carcinoma of breast in a 73-year old male: A rare case report and literature review
(International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2023) Yahaya, J. J; Ngaiza, A. I; Morgan, E. D; Abraham, Z. S; Othieno, E
Introduction and importance: Male breast cancers despite being similar to female breast cancers in various aspects; however, they have important distinctive characteristics such as molecular biology, increased tendency for axillary lymph node metastasis and late age at presentation. Presentation of case: We present the case of a 73-year old indigenous African male who had a 3-year history of right breast swelling which was associated with episodes of pain and tenderness. The assigned clinical stage for the patient was T2aNoMo. The mass was histologically confirmed to be invasive ductal carcinoma, not specified type (NST) without axillary lymph node involvement or distant metastasis. Immunohistochemistry also showed positive results for ER and PR hormonal receptors but negative for HER2. Clinical discussion: Considering the rarity nature of male breast cancers, this contributes to lack of evidence of the specific treatment approaches despite the noticeable difference in clinical presentation and even biological characteristics of male breast cancers, which are more likely to contribute to poor prognosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of male breast cancers has been reported to be less than 1 % of all male cancers. This contributes to the lack of analytical large studies that address the comprehensive data regarding the clinical outcomes of breast cancer among men and their predictors. Therefore, having prospective multicenter studies in future would help in providing high level of evidence on prognosis.
Malignant mixed mullerian tumor: A case report about a uterine Tumor’s case
(International Journal of Surgery Open, 2022) Morgan, E. D; Okecha, T; Yahaya, J. J; Othieno, E
Introduction: Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive tumor which occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women though it has been reported rarely in premenopausal women. Case presentation: A 54-year old nulliparous postmenopausal female presented with a 3-month history of vaginal bleeding, mild lower abdominal pain and weight loss. Ultrasound revealed markedly enlarged uterus with a hyper-echoic solid and cystic mass and a right adnexal complex mass. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingioopherectomy were done. Histopathological features were consistent with MMMT. The patient is currently stable after 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy which consisted of paclitaxel and carboplatin. Clinical discussion: MMMT of the uterus is rare, high-grade neoplasms comprising only 1–2% of uterine cancers and 3–5% of all uterine malignancies. This tumor may arise in the ovaries, fallopian tubes and vagina. Histologically, MMMT is a biphasic tumor composed of both epithelial (carcinoma) elements and mesenchymal (sarcoma) elements; though, which component is responsible for the tumor’s aggressive biological behavior remains undetermined. Conclusion: MMMT is a rare and aggressive tumor which is commonly seen in postmenopausal women with high rate of recurrence therefore, Radical surgery and close follow-up is mandatory since the role of chemoradiotherapy remains unclear in the management of patients with this tumor. Both stage of the tumor and myometrial invasion are considered as potential prognostic factors.