Charles Newton, OdongoRaymond, AtwineFred, KiryaPatrick Ambrose, OkelloEugene, OgwangMoses, AcanFelix, BongominMartin, Situma2023-07-102023-07-102022-04-26Odongo CN, Atwine R, Kirya F, et al. Urinary bladder cavernous hemangioma in a 3-year-old: A rare case report. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10:e05875. doi:10.1002/ccr3.5875https://ir.sun.ac.ug//handle/123456789/54Cavernous hemangioma (CH) of urinary bladder occurs relatively infrequently, accounting for 0.6% of all bladder tumors. This tumor may occur sporadically or coexist with other benign and malignant vascular lesions. In this report, we present a rare case of CH in a 3-year-old Ugandan girl. A 3-year-old girl was re ferred to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) for urological evaluation following a 3-year history of intravaginal swelling, dysuria, and heavy hematuria resulting in anemia. Imaging was consistent with polypoid bladder mass arising from the bladdertrigone. Embryonalrhabdomyosarcoma wassuspected based on clinical eyeballing. She was worked up for chemotherapy and received 26 cycles of vincristine sulfate, actinomycin-d, and cyclophosphamide (VAC). Biopsy and fulguration were performed after optimizing the patient. Histopathology con firmed CH. The surgery was uneventful and resulted in complete cure. CH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood genitourinary masses. It is a rare entity in the real-life clinical practice and therefore can be overlooked. Excision biopsy and histology should be performed before initiating the patients to chemotherapy. CH is very insensitive to chemotherapy and therefore surgery maybe adequate in resource-limited settings.encavernous hemangioma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomaArticle