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    Malignant mixed mullerian tumor:
    (Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Surgical Associates Ltd., 2022-05-20) Emmanuel D, Morgan; Tonny, Okecha; James J., Yahaya; Emmanuel, Othieno
    Abstract: Introduction: Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive tumor which occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women though it has been reported rarely in premenopausal women. Case presentation: A 54-year old nulliparous postmenopausal female presented with a 3-month history of vaginal bleeding, mild lower abdominal pain and weight loss. Ultrasound revealed markedly enlarged uterus with a hyper-echoic solid and cystic mass and a right adnexal complex mass. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingioopherectomy were done. Histopathological features were consistent with MMMT. The patient is currently stable after 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy which consisted of paclitaxel and carboplatin. Clinical discussion: MMMT of the uterus is rare, high-grade neoplasms comprising only 1–2% of uterine cancers and 3–5% of all uterine malignancies. This tumor may arise in the ovaries, fallopian tubes and vagina. Histologically, MMMT is a biphasic tumor composed of both epithelial (carcinoma) elements and mesenchymal (sarcoma) elements; though, which component is responsible for the tumor’s aggressive biological behavior remains undetermined. Conclusion: MMMT is a rare and aggressive tumor which is commonly seen in postmenopausal women with high rate of recurrence therefore, Radical surgery and close follow-up is mandatory since the role of chemoradiotherapy remains unclear in the management of patients with this tumor. Both stage of the tumor and myometrial invasion are considered as potential prognostic factors.
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    Frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood group systems among blood donors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
    (BMC Open, 2023-02-02) Edda A M, Vuhahula; James, Yahaya; Emmanuel D, Morgan; Emmanuel, Othieno; Edson, Mollel; Alex, Mremi
    Objectives ABO and Rh blood group systems are the major factors affecting the blood transfusion safety. The frequency and distribution of these blood group systems vary worldwide. We aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood group systems among first-time blood donors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Design Cross-sectional descriptive population-based study. Setting Data on ABO and Rh blood group systems were obtained and analysed from the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center among first-time blood donors. Participants There were 65 535 first-time blood donors aged 15–55 years who donated at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center from January 2017 to December 2019. Outcome measures The percentage of ABO and Rh blood group systems among different categories of blood donors was calculated. Results Retrospective data from Blood Establishment Computer System of 65 535 first-time blood donors were analysed in the present study. The mean age of the blood donors was 30.6±11.2 years (range: 15–55 years). The vast majority of the blood donors 84.2% (n=55 210) were men. Also, the majority 69.6% (n=45 595) were aged ≥35 years. Blood group O was the most common blood group which was found in over half 52.4% (n=34 333) of the blood donors and majority 95.3% (n=62 461) of the donors were Rh positive. Moreover, the majority 78.3% (n=51 336) were voluntary donors and the remaining 21.7% (n=14 199) were replacement donors. Conclusion Majority of the donors had blood group O and also the vast majority of the donors were Rh positive. Considering the large size of our study population, this has provided a more comprehensive information regarding the frequency and patterns of ABO and Rh blood group systems in Tanzania. The observed association of blood group A with one of the regions from which donors were coming from, is intriguing and further studies may confirm possible related genetic evolution.
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    Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis as an incidental finding: A case report
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2023-02-16) Emmanuel D, Morgan; Mohamed, Kahiye; Isaiah, Kule; James J, Yahaya; Emmanuel, Othieno
    We present the case of a 23-year-old female with multiple diffuse and nodular masses of different sizes involving predominantly the posterior wall of the uterus, omentum, and peritoneum which were histopathologically confirmed to be dis seminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Meticulous investigation and accurate di agnosis are of utmost importance for the establishment of the correct diagnosis. Additionally, proper management of the patient while considering choice of the patients including close follow-up of the patients is mandatory for the reason of ensuring early detection of recurrence.