Research Articles
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Item Clinical teaching models for the instruction of healthcare trainees in the 21st century: a scoping review(BMC Medical Education, 2026-06-22) Clement Munguiko; Enos Mirembe Masereka; Joseph Atukwatse; Joseph Smitha; James Kateregga; Clare Nankinga; Alice Alum Collete; Josephine Namujju; Safina Akello; Sylivia NalubegaBackground: In the 21st century, health professions educators are required to adopt contemporary clinical teaching models that equip trainees with competencies that are responsive to the evolving healthcare needs of the population. Efforts to standardize clinical competencies across the globe further demand aligned pedagogical frameworks to guide clinical teaching across diverse contexts. However, evidence on such remains fragmented and inadequately synthesized. This study mapped existing evidence on models guiding clinical teaching of healthcare trainees in the 21st century. Methods: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guideline. Electronic database searches were conducted between 1st and 4th January 2026 in CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Informit to identify articles published from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2025. Grey literature searches were conducted in google scholar and ProQuest. Studies were screened at title, abstract and full text levels, and data were extracted using a standardized Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction tool. Data was analyzed descriptively and summarized in a tabular form. ARTICLE IN PRESS Results: The search yielded 3,526 records, of which 70 went through full text screening and 26 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in the United States, with none from Africa, and involved medical students. Eight clinical teaching models were mapped: i) One 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ARTICLE IN PRESS Minute Preceptor Model (OMP); ii) Summarize, Narrow, Analyze, Probe, Plan, Select (SNAPPS); iii) Setting foundation, Tutor demonstrating without commentary, Explaining with repeated demonstration, Practicing under supervision, and Subsequent practice (STEPS); iv) Meeting, Introduction, In the moment, Inspection, Interruption, Independent thought, Patient care, Learner’s questions, Attending agenda, and Next steps (MiPLAN); v) Bridge-in, Objectives, Pre-assessment, Participatory learning, Post-assessment, and Summary (BOPPPS); vi) Emergency Department Strategies for Teaching Any Time (ED STAT); vii) Reporter Interpreter-Manager-Educator (RIME); and viii) Aunt Minnie. OMP and SNAPPS were the most commonly reported models. Conclusions and recommendations: Although eight clinical teaching models were identified, supporting evidence remains geographically and methodologically uneven, with no single model emerging as universally applicable. However, structured teaching, learner engagement, reflection, feedback, and role modelling consistently appeared across the identified models as core microteaching skills. Clinical educators and training institutions should strengthen these competencies through faculty development and context-sensitive application of clinical teaching models. Future research should prioritize methodologically rigorous and contextually grounded studies on clinical teaching models, particularly in underrepresented low-resource settings.Item Educational factors influencing academic achievement in biomedical sciences among undergraduate nursing students in Uganda: analytical cross‑sectional study(2025-06-25) Clement Munguiko; Anne Ngeno; Safinah MuseeneIntroduction Biomedical science courses, including anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry, are challenging for many undergraduate nursing students. This study explored academic achievement in these subjects and the impact of student educational factors on performance among nursing students in Uganda. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study of 208 nursing students from four Ugandan public universities examined aca demic achievement in biomedical sciences. Using Grade Point Average (GPA) and letter grades as measures, the study analysed the influence of student educational factors like prior academic performance, career choice, and learning methods through Welch’s Analysis of Variance, Pearsons’s correlation and Linear Mixed-Effects model. Results Academic achievement varied slightly across universities, with physiology having the highest mean GPA of 2.89 (1.83–3.70) and anatomy the lowest at 2.63 (2.04–3.30), resulting in an overall GPA of 2.80 ± 0.747. Most students received C (37%) and D (33.7%) grades. Choosing nursing as a lower-priority career (β = 0.42, 95% CI 0.08–0.76, p = 0.02) and infrequent participation in group discussions (β = −0.61, CI −1.21 to −0.12, p < 0.001) influenced academic achieve ment in biomedical sciences. Secondary school performance showed negligible correlation with biomedical science GPA (r = 0.1163). Conclusion Academic achievement in biomedical sciences among Ugandan nursing students is marginal to moderate, with most earning C and D grades. Universities should provide extra support to students who select nursing as their f irst choice while continuing to admit those who choose nursing as a later option. Encouraging small group discussions among students could also be beneficial. Keywords Academic · Performance · Biomedical · Sciences · NursingItem Maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care services and its associated factors among mothers who delivered from health facilities within a city in Uganda. A descriptive cross-sectional community study(IGM Publications, 2025-03-03) Ssekabira Abudu Rahuman; Okusa John Michael; Eperu Jacob; Akello Safina; Kateregga James; Okello Samuel; Alice Colette AlumAbstract Background: keeping an eye on and assessing maternal satisfaction enhances the effectiveness and quality of care during the intrapartum period and if not regularly accessed, could lead to detrimental effects on maternal and newborn outcomes following intrapartum. Therefore this study aimed at assessing maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care services and its associated factors among mothers who delivered from health facilities within Soroti City Methods: Background characteristics of participants were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Data entry and analysis were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 software. A crude and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to identify associated factors. Results: 86.5% gave birth from government facilities while 13.5 % delivered from private facilities. Overall 70.4% of mothers were satisfied with the intrapartum care services received from health facilities in Soroti City. Mothers who gave birth in private facilities were more satisfied (95.2%) compared to those in public facilities (66.5%). Type of the healthcare facility AOR(95%CI) 7.504(1.573-35.787),duration of hospital stay before delivery AOR(95% CI)2.674(1.300-5.502),periodic updates AOR (95% CI) 0.247(0.116-0.530),plan to have the pregnancy AOR(95%CI),2.483(1.280-4.814)overall cleanness AOR(95%CI) 0.07(0.013-0.378),delivery position of patient choice AOR(95% CI) 0.228(0.069 0.754),privacy AOR(95% CI) 0.102(0.050-0.209), and Pain management AOR (95% CI) 0.334(0.152 0.738) were significantly associated with satisfaction. Conclusion: The overall satisfaction of mothers with intrapartum care services provided was relatively high. Majority of the mothers gave birth from government facilities however a higher percentage of satisfaction was reported in private facilities. Therefore, all stakeholders have to emphatically work on those identified factors to improve maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care services Keywords: Intrapartum care services, maternal outcome, satisfaction.Item The correctness and completeness of documentation of parameters on the partographs used by midwives in primary healthcare facilities in midwestern Uganda:(Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2022) Archbald, Bahizi; Munguiko, Clement; Enos Mirembe, MaserekaAbstract Aim: This study was conducted to determine the correctness and completeness of documentation of partographs. Design: This was a retrospective descriptive study. Methods: We included 365 partographs of deliveries conducted from January 1st to October 31st 2019. Data were collected using a checklist and analysed descriptively. The study based on 13 partograph parameters. Results: About 8–13 parameters were correctly documented in 71.5 % of the partographs. About 38.9%, 24.7%, 99.7%, 22.5% and 16 % of the partographs had no documentation of obstetric risk factors, foetal heart rate, colour of liquor, uterine contractions and cervical dilatation respectively. About 12.1% of the cervicographs crossed the action line and 61.4% of partographs where cervicographs crossed the action line had no documentation of action(s) taken.Item Factors Influencing the Timing of the First HIV Virological Test for HIV Exposed Infants;(Global Journal of Medical Research: K, 2020) Enos Mirembe, Masereka; Edson Musungu, Bwambale; Edson, Katsomyo; Munguiko, ClementAbstract- Introduction: Although Option-B plus has registered tremendous success in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, the failure to follow the HIV testing algorithm for HIV Exposed Infants (HEIs) after birth is likely to make achieving zero new HIV infections among children unrealistic. Due to this, we sought to determine the factors affecting uptake of first Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test among HEIs to inform the selection of strategies to strengthen Early Infant Diagnosis (EID), an indicator that tracks progress towards achieving zero new HIV infections in childrenItem Infant and Young Child Feeding in the Developed and Developing Countries(IntechOpen, 2022) Enos Mirembe, Masereka; Munguiko, Clement; Alex, Tumusiime; Linda Grace, AlanyoAbstract Infant feeding challenges continue to manifest in developed and developing countries. Worldwide, more than 80% of babies are breastfed in the first few weeks of birth. However, about 37%, 25%, and less than 1% are exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age in Africa, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom, respectively. These statistics are far below the World Health Organization targets of 50% and 70% by 2025 and 2030, respectively. Complementary feeding practices are varied as well due to nonadherence to Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) guidelines among parents. This accounts for the current trends in malnutrition in children under−5 years of age, adolescents, and the youth, and leads to intergenera tion malnutrition. In this chapter we have included sections on appropriate infant feeding; including how to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour of birth, how to exclusively breastfeed infants until 6 months of age, how to complement breastfeed ing after 6 months of infant’s age as well as continuing to breastfeed until 24 months of age and even beyond. Furthermore, we have included a description of how mothers who are unable to breastfeed can feed their infants on expressed breastmilk or replace breastmilk with appropriate homemade or commercial formula. This chapter as well covers infant feeding in prematurityItem Magnitude of Birth Preparedness among Pregnant Women Seeking Skilled Birth Services at a Rural Hospital in Western Uganda:(Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers (SAS Publishers), 2018-09-30) Munguiko, Clement; Gorrette, Nalwadda; Masereka Enos, Mirembe; Nandutu, Alice; Conrad Ondieki, MirukaAbstract: Although the practice of preparing for childbirth among pregnant women is associated with 24.0% and 53.0% reduction in neonatal and maternal mortality respectively in low income countries, it remains inadequately practiced in low income countries. This study sought to assess the level of birth preparedness among pregnant women at one of the rural hospitals in Uganda. This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 332 pregnant women in first stage of normal labour between April and May 2017 at Kagadi hospital, a rural hospital in Uganda. A pregnant woman was considered prepared for childbirth if she fulfilled at least three of the following five birth preparedness elements; saving money, booking birth companion, identifying home caretaker, having at least six birth items and booking means of transport to the health facility. Data were collected using a researcher administered questionnaire. Nearly all respondents had identified birth companion (93.7%) and prepared at least one birth material (97.3%). However, only about half of respondents had procured at least six birth items (48.2%). A small proportion of respondents had reasonable money savings of at least 27.7 US dollars (20.7%). Slightly less than half of respondents had booked someone to take care of their homes (41.3%) and had booked means of transport (40.0%) Overall, only 28.3 percent of the participants had fulfilled at least three of the five elements and were considered as prepared for birth. We observed that most of the pregnant women were not prepared for childbirth. To scale up birth preparedness in rural settings, we recommend that providers of antenatal care services should intensify on assisting pregnant women to draw and continuously review birth plans. We further recommend that birth plan should focus on the five elements commended by the Ministry of Health.